Hematoma subdural após punção inadvertida da dura-máter: relato de caso / Subdural hematoma after inadvertent dura mater puncture: case report / Hematoma subdural después de la punción inadvertida de la duramadre: relato de caso

JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: A cefaléia pós-punção da dura-máter é complicação bastante conhecida das anestesias subaracnóidea e peridural, e o tratamento mais difundido é o tampão sangüíneo. O tampão sangüíneo alivia totalmente a cefaléia na grande maioria dos pacientes, e nos demais não há melhora ou, apenas, melhora parcial. Nesses casos, é prudente buscar diagnósticos diferenciais, como o hematoma subdural ou pneumoencéfalo. Os métodos de imagem são extremamente úteis nessas situações. O objetivo deste relato foi apresentar o caso de um paciente que desenvolveu hematoma subdural intracraniano após punção inadvertida da dura-máter em anestesia peridural. RELATO DO CASO: Paciente do sexo masculino, 47 anos, 147 kg, 1,90 m, estado físico ASA II, foi admitido para realização de dermolipectomia abdominal, após ter-se submetido à gastroplastia redutora. Durante anestesia peridural, houve perfuração acidental da dura-máter. O paciente evoluiu com sintomas de cefaléia pós-punção da dura-máter que foram tratados com tampão sangüíneo, com melhora parcial. Houve, posteriormente, piora da cefaléia, e a ressonância nuclear magnética de encéfalo mostrou hematoma subdural intracraniano, que foi tratado clinicamente. Houve melhora progressiva, com recuperação total após 30 dias. CONCLUSÕES: A ocorrência de hematoma subdural é complicação rara, mas grave da perfuração de dura-máter. O diagnóstico é difícil e deve ser sempre cogitado quando a cefaléia pós-punção da dura-máter não se resolve com o tampão sangüíneo ou piora com sua realização. No esclarecimento diagnóstico é fundamental o auxílio de um método de imagem.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Post-dural puncture headache is a well-known complication of epidural and subarachnoid blockades and the blood patch is the treatment used more often. In most patients, the blood patch relieves the headache completely, but for the remaining there is no improvement or only partial relief of the symptom. In those cases, it is prudent to look for other differential diagnosis, such as subdural hematoma or pneumoencephalus. In those situations, imaging exams are extremely useful. The objective of this report was to present the case of a patient who developed subdural hematoma after accidental puncture of the dura mater during epidural block. CASE REPORT: A 47-year old male patient, 147 kg, 1.90 m, physical status ASA II, was admitted for abdominal dermolipectomy after undergoing gastroplasty. The dura mater was accidentally punctured during the epidural block. The patient developed post-dural puncture headache treated with an epidural blood patch, with partial improvement of his symptoms. However, it was followed by worsening of the headache and an MRI showed the presence of an intracranial subdural hematoma, which was treated clinically. The patient evolved with progressive improvement of the symptom and full recovery after 30 days. CONCLUSIONS: Subdural hematoma is a rare, but severe, complication of dura mater puncture. It is difficult to diagnose, but it should always be remembered when post-dural puncture headache shows no resolution or even worsens after an epidural blood patch. An imaging exam is fundamental for the diagnosis of this rare complication.

JUSTIFICATIVA Y OBJETIVOS: La cefalea pos punción de la duramadre es una complicación bastante conocida de las anestesias subaracnoidea y epidural, siendo que el tratamiento más difundido es el tapón sanguíneo. El tapón sanguíneo alivia totalmente la cefalea en la gran mayoría de los pacientes, y en los demás no hay mejorías o apenas se ve una mejoría parcial. En esos casos, es prudente buscar diagnósticos diferenciales, como el hematoma subdural o neumoencéfalo. Los métodos de imagen son extremadamente útiles en esas situaciones. El objetivo de este relato fue el de presentar el caso de un paciente que debutó con hematoma subdural intracraneal después de la punción inadvertida de la duramadre en anestesia epidural. RELATO DEL CASO: Paciente del sexo masculino, 47 años, 147 kg, 1,90 m, estado físico ASA II, fue admitido para la realización de dermolipectomía abdominal, después de haberse sometido a la gastroplastía reductora. Durante la anestesia epidural, hubo perforación accidental de la duramadre. El paciente evolucionó con síntomas de cefalea pospunción de la duramadre que fueron tratados con tapón sanguíneo, obteniéndose una mejora parcial. Hubo posteriormente, un empeoramiento de la cefalea y la resonancia nuclear magnética de encéfalo mostró un hematoma subdural intracraneal, que se trató clínicamente. Hubo una mejoría progresiva, con recuperación total después de 30 días. CONCLUSIONES: La aparición de hematoma subdural es una complicación rara, pero grave de la perforación de la duramadre. El diagnóstico es difícil y debe ser siempre pensado, cuando la cefalea pospunción de la duramadre no se resuelva con el tapón sanguíneo o tampoco se resuelva su empeoramiento. En la aclaración del diagnóstico es fundamental la ayuda de un método de imagen.

Subdural hematoma after inadvertent dura mater puncture. Case report.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Post-dural puncture headache is a well-known complication of epidural and subarachnoid blockades and the blood patch is the treatment used more often. In most patients, the blood patch relieves the headache completely, but for the remaining there is no improvement or only partial relief of the symptom. In those cases, it is prudent to look for other differential diagnosis, such as subdural hematoma or pneumoencephalus. In those situations, imaging exams are extremely useful. The objective of this report was to present the case of a patient who developed subdural hematoma after accidental puncture of the dura mater during epidural block. CASE REPORT A 47-year old male patient, 147 kg, 1.90 m, physical status ASA II, was admitted for abdominal dermolipectomy after undergoing gastroplasty. The dura mater was accidentally punctured during the epidural block. The patient developed postdural puncture headache treated with an epidural blood patch, with partial improvement of his symptoms. However, it was followed by worsening of the headache and an MRI showed the presence of an intracranial subdural hematoma, which was treated clinically The patient evolved with progressive improvement of the symptom and full recovery after 30 days. CONCLUSIONS: Subdural hematoma is a rare, but severe, complication of dura mater puncture. It is difficult to diagnose, but it should always be remembered when post-dural puncture headache shows no resolution or even worsens after an epidural blood patch. An imaging exam is fundamental for the diagnosis of this rare complication.